Coronavirus disease, commonly known as COVID-19, is a contagious illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a novel coronavirus that emerged in late 2019. The disease primarily affects the respiratory system and has led to widespread outbreaks and public health emergencies across the globe.

In most cases, individuals infected with the virus experience mild to moderate respiratory symptoms, such as fever, cough, fatigue, and loss of taste or smell. Many recover fully without requiring hospitalization or specialized treatment. However, a significant portion of the population—particularly older adults and people with pre-existing medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic lung disease, or cancer—may develop more severe symptoms. These individuals are at greater risk of complications, including acute respiratory distress, organ failure, or death.

Importantly, COVID-19 does not discriminate by age. While the risk of serious illness increases with age and comorbidities, people of all ages can contract the virus and experience severe outcomes, including death. As such, public health measures must be inclusive and community-wide.

DFGAHO emphasizes that the most effective way to protect yourself and others is through knowledge and responsible behavior. Understanding how the virus spreads is key to interrupting transmission chains. COVID-19 primarily spreads through respiratory droplets and aerosols released from the mouth or nose when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, sings, or even breathes. These airborne particles can infect others directly or contaminate surfaces.

To reduce the spread, DFGAHO recommends a combination of proven preventive strategies:

  • Maintain at least 1 meter (3 feet) of physical distance from others.

  • Wear a well-fitted mask, especially in crowded or poorly ventilated spaces.

  • Practice hand hygiene frequently by washing hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

  • Get vaccinated as soon as you are eligible, and complete your full vaccination schedule, including booster doses if recommended.

  • Follow local public health guidance, including testing, isolation, and contact tracing protocols.

Practicing good respiratory etiquette—such as coughing or sneezing into a flexed elbow or tissue, and disposing of tissues immediately—is essential. If you feel unwell, even with mild symptoms, stay home, self-isolate, and seek medical advice. Avoiding contact with others during the early stages of infection plays a critical role in slowing community spread.

DFGAHO continues to lead and coordinate international efforts to monitor new variants, distribute vaccines and diagnostics, and support national governments in managing public health responses. The fight against COVID-19 is ongoing, and every individual has a role to play in overcoming this global challenge.